Jordanian Honor Horror
I was reading a report by Human Rights Watch on so-called honor crimes in Jordan, and I got filled with resentment and fury. Read this:
Under article 340, any man who kills or attacks his wife or any of his female relatives in the act of committing adultery or in an “unlawful bed” benefits from a reduction in penalty.
…
The section of the penal code most frequently invoked on behalf of perpetrators of “honor” killings is article 98. This statute mandates reduction of penalty for a perpetrator (of either gender) who commits a crime in a “state of great fury [or “fit of fury”] resulting from an unlawful and dangerous act on the part of the victim.” It does not require in flagrante discovery or any other standard of evidence of female indiscretion. If the extenuating excuse is established for a crime punishable by death,such as premeditated murder, article 98 provides that the penalty be reduced to a minimum of one year in prison.
…
In murders for “honor,” given the family’s complicity in the crime, the family nearly always “waives” the right to file a complaint. Thus, “honor” killers may receive sentences of six months—and often do. If a killer has served that much time awaiting trial, the sentence may be commuted to time served and he may walk away a free man.
In my opinion, honour crimes are not prevalent in Jordan. The simple reason why they are not an “epidemic” is because women have learned their lesson. In the areas where honour crimes are a potential danger to their lives, they have learned to keep mum about their relationships with men. Note that by relationships I mean anything from talking to a man to kissing him.
In part, honour crimes have themselves acted as a restraint to the spread of the practice — because women are afraid they will be killed. Of course, this means a great degree of social hypocrisy and a great deal of limiting these women’s freedoms and putting them under tremendous pressure and making them live in constant fear. It also means ensuring the continuation of this practice, ensuring it has popular support in the areas where it is acceptable, and perpetuating the cycle of gender inequality in Jordan.
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March 2nd, 2008 at 2:23 pm
I think it’s about time honor crimes went the way of the dinosaurs. There’s a huge difference between crimes of passion and honor killings. "Fit of fury" should be established. Time is of the essence, literally, in these cases. It’s sad and shameful that we’re still living in a society that allows people to kill each other and get away with it because they’re related.</p>
March 2nd, 2008 at 2:28 pm
wow, i wanted to talk about that subject too :)</p>
<p>anyways, as far as i know, it is not "either gender" because if a women catches her husband for example cheating on her and she kills him, it is not considered an honor crime.</p>
<p>i’m not sure if it is an epedemic in Jordan, i don’t think this matters, it is wrong and the laws have to be changed, let’s leave it at that, and not let room for them to legalize those killings.</p>
<p>I just finished reading the true story about a palistinian girl in one of the villages who’s been burnt alive! but miracioulously survives to tell her story. it is called Souad, after her name.</p>
<p></p>
March 2nd, 2008 at 2:59 pm
I get the feeling very few wil comments here!! Crimes of passion are widespread in every culture and are used by defence to get reduced sentence all over the world in different forms as in "pleading temporary insanity" to not being "pre-meditated murders" although most countries don’t have it written into law. Links-</p>
<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor_killing">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor_killing</a></p>
<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_of_passion">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime_of_passion</a></p>
<p>To be fair , if it has to be there it should apply to both males and females</p>
<p>The Law should not encourage people to take matters into there own hands as this defeats the purpose of creating a Law in the first place. This article of the penal code vests lots of power into the hands of "persons of authority" among families and is thus tends to be abused depending on whims and interests. Note while Islam dictates the killing of adulterous spouses of any gender it made the burden of proof so hard and exacting as make indicting for the crime impossible. Four witnesses seeing the act? What an indescretion on part of the actors?</p>
<p><span class="mw-headline">Honor killing in national legal codes</span></p>
<p>According to the report of the Special Rapporteur submitted to the 58th session of the <a title="United Nations Commission on Human Rights" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Human_Rights">United Nations Commission on Human Rights</a> (2002) concerning cultural practices in the family that reflect violence against women (E/CN.4/2002/83):</p><dl><dd>The Special Rapporteur indicated that there had been contradictory decisions with regard to the honor defense in <a title="Brazil" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil">Brazil</a>, and that legislative provisions allowing for partial or complete defense in that context could be found in the penal codes of <a title="Argentina" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a title="Ecuador" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecuador">Ecuador</a>, <a title="Egypt" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a title="Guatemala" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, <a title="Iran" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran">Iran</a>, <a title="Israel" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel">Israel</a>, <a title="Jordan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a title="Peru" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru">Peru</a>, <a title="Syria" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria">Syria</a>, <a title="Venezuela" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela">Venezuela</a> and the <a title="Palestinian National Authority" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a>.<sup class="reference" id="_ref-unhchr_2"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor_killing#_note-unhchr">[10]</a></sup> </dd></dl>
<p>The Israeli government denies that its law allows for "family honor" as a defense in murder, partially or completely.<sup class="reference" id="_ref-29"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor_killing#_note-29">[42]</a></sup></p>
<p>Countries where the law is interpreted to allow men to kill female relatives in a premeditated effort as well as for crimes of passions, <i><a title="In flagrante delicto" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_flagrante_delicto">in flagrante delicto</a></i> in the act of committing adultery, include:</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Jordan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan">Jordan</a>: Part of article 340 of the Penal Code states that "he who discovers his wife or one of his female relatives committing adultery and kills, wounds, or injures one of them, is exempted from any penalty."<sup class="reference" id="_ref-GP_0"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor_killing#_note-GP">[43]</a></sup> <strong><u>This has twice been put forward for cancellation by the government, but was retained by the Lower House of the Parliament. </u></strong></li></ul>
<p>Countries that allow men to kill female relatives <i>in flagrante delicto</i> (but without premeditation) include:</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Syria" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria">Syria</a>: Article 548 states that "He who catches his wife or one of his ascendants, descendants or sister committing adultery (<i>flagrante delicto</i>) or illegitimate sexual acts with another and he killed or injured one or both of them benefits from an exemption of penalty." </li></ul>
<p>Countries that allow husbands to kill only their wives <i>in flagrante delicto</i> (based upon the <a title="Napoleonic code" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleonic_code">Napoleonic code</a>) include:</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Morocco" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco">Morocco</a>: Article 418 of the Penal Code states "Murder, injury and beating are excusable if they are committed by a husband on his wife as well as the accomplice at the moment in which he surprises them in the act of adultery."<sup class="reference" id="_ref-GP_1"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor_killing#_note-GP">[43]</a></sup> </li></ul>
<ul>
<li><a title="Haiti" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiti">Haiti</a>: Article 269 of the Penal Code states that "in the case of adultery as provided for in Article 284, the murder by a husband of his wife and/or her partner, immediately upon discovering them <i>in flagrante delicto</i> in the conjugal abode, is to be pardoned."<sup class="reference" id="_ref-30"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor_killing#_note-30">[44]</a></sup> </li></ul>
<ul>
<li>In two <a title="Latin America" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_America">Latin American</a> countries, similar laws were struck down over the past two decades: according to human rights lawyer Julie Mertus "in <a title="Brazil" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil">Brazil</a>, until 1991 wife killings were considered to be noncriminal ‘honor killings’; in just one year, nearly eight hundred husbands killed their wives. Similarly, in <a title="Colombia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombia">Colombia</a>, until 1980, a husband legally could kill his wife for committing adultery."<sup class="reference" id="_ref-31"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor_killing#_note-31">[45]</a></sup> </li></ul>
<p>Countries where honor killing is <i>not</i> legal but is known to occur include:</p>
<ul>
<li><a title="Turkey" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey">Turkey</a>: In Turkey, persons found guilty of this crime are sentenced to life in prison.<sup class="reference" id="_ref-suicide_1"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor_killing#_note-suicide">[8]</a></sup> </li></ul>
<ul>
<li><a title="Iraqi Kurdistan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan">Iraqi Kurdistan</a>: In Kurdistan, women are killed nearly every day for ‘dishonoring’ their families. Honor killing was legal until 2002 in Iraq. </li></ul>
<ul>
<li><a title="Pakistan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan">Pakistan</a>: Honor killings are known as <i>Karo Kari</i> (<a title="Sindhi language" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindhi_language">Sindhi</a>: ڪارو ڪاري) (<a title="Urdu" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu">Urdu</a>: کاروکاری ). The practice is supposed to be prosecuted under ordinary murder, but in practice police and prosecutors often ignore it.<sup class="reference" id="_ref-32"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor_killing#_note-32">[46]</a></sup> Often a man must simply claim the killing was for his honor and he will go free. <a title="Nilofar Bakhtiar" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilofar_Bakhtiar">Nilofar Bakhtiar</a>, advisor to <a title="Prime Minister of Pakistan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Pakistan">Prime Minister</a> <a title="Shaukat Aziz" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaukat_Aziz">Shaukat Aziz</a>, stated that in 2003, as many as 1,261 women were murdered in honor killings.<sup class="reference" id="_ref-33"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor_killing#_note-33">[47]</a></sup> On <a title="December 8" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_8">December 8</a>, <a title="2004" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004">2004</a>, under international and domestic pressure, Pakistan enacted a law that made honor killings punishable by a prison term of seven years, or by the death penalty in the most extreme cases. Women’s rights organizations were, however, wary of this law as it stops short of outlawing the practice of allowing killers to buy their freedom by paying compensation to the victim’s relatives. Women’s rights groups claimed that in most cases it is the victim’s immediate relatives who are the killers, so inherently the new law is just eyewash. It did not alter the provisions whereby the accused could negotiate pardon with the victim’s family under the so-called Islamic provisions. In March 2005 the Pakistani government allied with <a title="Islamism" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamism">Islamists</a> to reject a bill which sought to strengthen the law against the practice of "honor killing".<sup class="reference" id="_ref-34"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor_killing#_note-34">[48]</a></sup> However, the bill was brought up again, and in November 2006, it passed.<sup class="reference" id="_ref-35"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor_killing#_note-35">[49]</a></sup> It is doubtful whether or not the law would actually help women.<sup class="reference" id="_ref-36"><a title="" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honor_killing#_note-36">[50]</a></sup> </li></ul>
<p>During the year 2002 about four hundred people (men & women) were killed in the name of (Karo-Kari) in <a title="Sindh" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sindh">Sindh</a> Out of 382 (245 women, 137 men). The phenomenon of the killing in the name of honor has direct relevance to the <a title="Literacy" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy">illiteracy</a> rate, as these killings are more common in the areas where the literacy rate is lower. According to a report issued by the <a title="Human Rights Commission of Pakistan" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Commission_of_Pakistan">Human Rights Commission of Pakistan</a> (HRCP), <a title="Jacobabad District" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobabad_District">Jacobabad District</a> ranked first in terms of murder in the name of Karo Kari (66 women, 25 men). Jacobabad district has a literacy rate of 23.66, the least literate district of Sindh after <a title="Tharparkar District" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tharparkar_District">Tharparkar District</a>, and <a title="Thatta District" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thatta_District">Thatta District</a>. After Jacobabad, the <a title="Ghotki District" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghotki_District">Ghotki District</a> witnessed the highest number of murders in the name of Karo Kari (13 men, 54 women).</p>
<p>After Ghotki, <a title="Larkana District" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larkana_District">Larkana</a> is the district with the next highest murder rate in the name of Karo Kari (24 men, 38 women). Larkana as well, has a low literacy rate of 34.95. This is lower than even <a title="Naushahro Feroze District" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naushahro_Feroze_District">Naushahro Feroze District</a>, <a title="Dadu District" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadu_District">Dadu District</a>, and <a title="Khairpur District" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khairpur_District">Khairpur District</a>, having 39.14, 35.56 and 35.50 percent literacy rates respectively. These districts of the upper Sindh have low literacy rates but high feudal influence in every walk of life.</p>
<p>Jacobabad, Ghotki and Larkana are those districts of Sindh where not only the illiterate, but tribal chieftains are also in large numbers. According to a report released by the HRCP, the cases of Karo Kari are mostly settled at <a title="Jirga" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jirga">jirgas</a>, the private and parallel judicial system of Chieftains. However, districts of lower parts of Sindh like Tharparkar, <a title="Badin District" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badin_District">Badin</a>, and Thatta experience nominal occurrences of honor killings because they have lower amount of feudal influence there</p>
<p></p>
March 2nd, 2008 at 5:18 pm
Jordanians should be mighty "Honoured" that they came first in something! This gaping loopwhole is protected by our elected representatives. Mithla ma takoono yowalla aliakum
March 2nd, 2008 at 5:20 pm
sorry ,read that ‘loophole’.
March 2nd, 2008 at 5:57 pm
In my opinion, honour crimes are not prevalent in Jordan. The simple reason why they are not an “epidemic” is because women have learned their lesson. In the areas where honour crimes are a potential danger to their lives, they have learned to keep mum about their relationships with men. Note that by relationships I mean anything from talking to a man to kissing him. </p>
<p>In part, honour crimes have themselves acted as a restraint to the spread of the practice — because women are afraid they will be killed. Of course, this means a great degree of social hypocrisy and a great deal of limiting these women’s freedoms and putting them under tremendous pressure and making them live in constant fear. It also means ensuring the continuation of this practice, ensuring it has popular support in the areas where it is acceptable, and perpetuating the cycle of gender inequality in Jordan.</p>
<p>This is harsh opinion and implies that women do want to have extra-marital affairs but are only scared to do so. This does not do justice to women, and yet to see a woman being killed for talking to a man in Jordan. Tune it down, either we talk facts and figures and precedents or we talk conjecture</p>
March 2nd, 2008 at 6:56 pm
I’ve always found honor killing sickening and disgusting, and a measure of the double standards that are spread in Arab societies.</p>
<p>A girl can have a relationship with a man, and get slain based on a sick false rumor by a sick person. While a guy can have any relationship he wants, "taint" the family name, and perhaps if he’s to be "punished", he’ll be outcast from the family.</p>
<p>A.Rehman, I think there’s a difference between Honor Killing and Crimes of Passion. Honor Killing is basically legalized by law and doesn’t require any burden of proof of infidelity from the perpetrator. While Crimes of Passion might lead to a reduced sentencing only if proven that there was in fact an act of infidelity and a proper psychoanalysis.</p>
<p>Any where you go you will always find a double standard when it comes to girls’ relationships vs. the guys’ relationships. That’s just the sad human nature!</p>
March 2nd, 2008 at 9:44 pm
<span class="commentBody"><span id="comment-40455"> "Tune it down, either we talk facts and figures and precedents or we talk conjecture"<br /><br />A.Rehman, if I wanted to "tone it down" I would have done so already. The post is about an idea I had this morning, a theory if you will, about the role of honor crimes in restraining future honor crimes at the expense of women’s well-being. <br /></span></span>
March 3rd, 2008 at 6:46 am
<p>"a theory if you will"</p>
<p>Tololy, let us put this theory to a test, how about an annonymous poll of 200-300 women asking if they wish to engage in extramarital or pre-marital sexual relationships and whether the fear of being killed is the main deterrent. Or how about this theory - Most women do not want to enter such relationships because the are convinced it can wait till marraige or are happy with their partners if they are married. However, the fear factor may play a role to a small degree and it is not only fear of being killed but also fear of disapproval and being shunned by friends and foes alike. This is Jordan’s society norms and many others, some in the west practice that and Mormons in America too.Women are not scared witless by savage brothers and fathers lurking in the shadows with cocked guns and sharpened knives. I have few sisters and many cousins and nieces some wear hijab and some don’t , some wear long dresses and some wear skort skirts and jeans (all their choices), most of them work and interact with men as a daily routine. We have not killed any of them . Iam sure this applies to most others.</p>
<p>Worthy topic and discussions, thanks.</p>
March 3rd, 2008 at 11:52 am
"extramarital or pre-marital sexual relationships"<br /><br />That is perhaps the gravest error in your argument. If you had read the HRW report, you would have found out that the vast majority of the victims of so-called honor crimes have not been involved in any such relationships. The mere "SUSPISCION" of that is enough to kill them, do you understand?<br /><br />I don’t suppose we need a poll to determine whether or not most women in Jordan would enjoy the company or attention of a male counterpart. Note, again, that this means anything from talking to a man to engaging in sexual acts with him (which like I said before, is not the case in most of the situations where women were murdered). <br /><br />In the communities where so-called honor crimes take place, the act itself is a deterrent to further crimes. This is because the women who live in these communities have adapted, so to speak, to the situation and have become a lot more careful in dealing with men. They are constantly in fear of being found out and killed like, say, the neighbor’s daughter. Is that healthy? Not any more than the crimes are.<br /><br />"<span class="commentBody"><span id="comment-40473">Women are not scared witless by savage brothers and fathers lurking in the shadows with cocked guns and sharpened knives"<br /><br />Judging by this note and the one following it, you seem to only consider the women in your own environment as a standard for what goes on in the communities where so-called honor crimes take place. That is inaccurate to say the least. If your family is normal enough not to kill its women, kudos to you and I hope you would argue for women’s rights in the future. But the truth of the matter is, your family is not the standard in those other communities.<br /><br />I hope I made my points clear, and do forgive me if this goes under the "you don’t take criticism well" allegation category. I see it as mere clarification, oh, and thank you for your comments. But please make sure they don’t offend others (that’s why one of your latest comments was not published.)<br /></span></span>
March 3rd, 2008 at 3:03 pm
Thanks points taken.</p>
<p>"But please make sure they don’t offend others (that’s why one of your latest comments was not published.)"</p>
<p>Great, don’t mind that, Hope you used the same filter with Criag who called me from satanist to athiest to told me to shut up, or to Mick who offended lots of muslims by calling them evil and sneaky question mark notwithstanding and on top of that misrepresenting, you know in Jordan they don’t start converting people at the drop of a hat or at the curb side o wherever a visitor may go sightseeing.</p>
<p>’<span class="commentTitle"><font size="2">Mick </font>says:</span> <br /><span class="commentBody"><span id="comment-40458">I’ve visited Jordan. I must have been proselytized by Muslims wanting me to convert a zillion times. Are all those Muslims evil and sneaky or just irritating?"</span><br /></span></p>
March 3rd, 2008 at 3:32 pm
I did. Craig can verify that. Mick’s was a question, not a statement.
March 3rd, 2008 at 4:37 pm
So Rev.Craig the God warrior is an impartial judge where it concerns my posts??? wonders never cease. </p>
<p>The world of media is skewed everywhere, when others abuse us it is fine, don’t be uptight, they don’t mean it and when we defend ourselves we are unreasonable, extremists and reactionaries. I rest my case.You may choose to moderate this one out too.</p>
March 7th, 2008 at 11:51 pm
Among the countries where honor killings were common and punished with a reduced sentence was Italy. Until 1981 men were punished with 3-7 years of enprisonment, a shorter penalty than usual for killings: when men found out/suspected that their female relatives had a relationship with a man they were ‘defending their honor’ if they killed their wife, daughter or sister out of anger and the law gave them a reduced penalty.</p>
<p>Honour killings are clearly connected to the subordination of women and to silencing domestic violence against women. </p>
<p>Gender discrimination can be erased only through social, legal and political changes. </p>
<p>Regarding the "facts and figures" Rehman refers to, according to Jordanian professor and novelist Fadia Faqir, sources of info on honour killings and violence against women in Jordan are quite problematic for 2 main reasons [F. Faqir, <em>Intrafamily femicide in defence of honour: the case of Jordan,</em> 2001]</p>
<p>1. statistics are scarce and written by gender-insensitive men</p>
<p>2. under-reporting by victims of violence. Fear of retaliation discourages women from reporting violence,oppression and abuse. Even investigations in cases of violence/killings are said to be lenient and superficial.</p>
<p>check out this website on honour killings: <a href="http://www.stophonourkillings.com/index.php">http://www.stophonourkillings.com/index.php</a></p>
May 17th, 2008 at 10:12 am
[...] realize that I have been lending the issue of honor crimes in Jordan a lot of attention lately, but that is still not [...]